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Abbas, N M A and Reda, R M (1997) The engineering consultancy profession "analysis and development". In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 598–606.

Abeysekera, W V K M and Thorpe, A (1997) Standardisation or non-standardisation? The case of brickwork in Sri Lanka. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 173–82.

Alkass, S, Alhussein, M and Moselhi, O (1997) Computerized crane selection for construction projects. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 427–36.

Atkinson, A (1997) The management of construction failures and defects. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 342–52.

Austin, S, Baldwin, A and Waskett, P (1997) Development of a prototype building design management tool. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 399–407.

Baldry, D (1997) The image of construction and its influence upon clients, participants, and consumers. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 52–61.

Baldwin, A N, Austin, S A and Pendlebury, M C (1997) Interface of early design and cost advice in the building design process. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 389–98.

Boudjabeur, S (1997) Design and build defined. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 72–82.

Boyd, D and Foss, P (1997) Developing intimacy in construction industry groups. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 42–51.

Brown, M (1997) Compliance with health and safety legislation: is deterrence the answer?. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 363–71.

Campbell, K, Clegg, D R, Perera, T, Stephenson, P and Stevens, A (1997) Simulation in the construction industry: a case-study review. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 408–17.

Cesare, C M D and Ruddock, L (1997) Equity in property taxation: a model for establishing a fair property tax system. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 654–63.

Cheetham, D W (1997) The search for quality: improving the audit. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 275–84.

Cheung, S-O and Tsang, K-F (1997) Professional liabilities in construction: exposures and responses. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 623–32.

Chileshe, N and Watson, P (1997) TQM: a competitive weapon for the UK construction industry?. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 252–63.

Clegg, D R, Campbell, K, Stephenson, P and Perera, T (1997) Planning road construction using simulation. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 418–26.

Cook, S J and English, C (1997) Overspecification of speculative UK commercial office building: an International comparison. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 183–92.

Dainty, A R J, Bagilhole, B M and Neale, R H (1997) Analytical strategies for dealing with qualitative data in construction management research. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 484–93.

Dorward, F, Akintoye, A and Hardcastle, C (1997) Towards a composite cyclical leading indicator for private construction new orders. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 588–97.

Eccles, S, O'Reilly, M and Stovin, V (1997) Numerical modelling of contract strategy evaluation. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 102–11.

Edum-Fotwe, F T, Thorpe, A, McCaffer, R and Price, A D F (1997) Developing construction management research: a balance of perspectives. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 447–54.

Evans, R C, Kaka, A P and Lewis, J (1997) Adopting a semi-ideographic approach to cash flow forecasting. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 559–67.

Fortune, C and Hinks, J (1997) Model selection criteria in building project price forecast formulation. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 540–9.

Fortune, C and Lees, M (1997) Cognitive errors of judgement, learning style characteristics and clients' early cost advisors. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 550–8.

Greed, C (1997) Cultural change in construction. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 11–21.

Greenwood, D J and Shaglouf, A A (1997) Comparison between planned and actual durations in medium sized building projects. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 233–41.

Greenwood, M (1997) Discovering an individual's "risk behaviour profile". In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 112–22.

Gunning, J G and Fellows, R F (1997) Perspectives on the review of research publications in construction management. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 530–9.

Hall, M A and Jaggar, D M (1997) Should construction enterprises, working internationally, take account of cultural differences in culture?. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 1–10.

Hammuda, I M and Dulaimi, M F (1997) The effects of the situational variables on the leadership styles in construction projects. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 22–31.

Hill, C J, Howarth, T A P, McNamara, E T and Watson, P (1997) A TQM approach to construction education. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 521–9.

Holder, L and Coffey, M (1997) Customer feedback and contractor appraisal in construction. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 334–41.

Howarth, T A P (1997) A gadamerian hermeneutic approach to ethnographic construction research. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 494–501.

Hugill, D (1997) Unconscious forces in project management teams. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 32–41.

Jackson, S H, Griffith, A, Stephenson, P and Smith, J (1997) Risk management tools and techniques used when estimating initial budgets for building projects. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 123–32.

Jamieson, I A (1997) Development of a concurrent engineering construction process protocol. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 321–33.

Kaka, A P and Cheetham, D W (1997) The effect of some tendering and payment strategies on contractors' financial performance. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 568–77.

Khosrowshahi, F (1997) Construction activity in the UK recent trends and projections. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 664–73.

Kululanga, G K, Edum-Fotwe, F T, McCaffer, R and Price, A D F (1997) Learning techniques employed by construction contractors' organisations. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 502–10.

Kumaraswamy, M M (1997) Productivity matters. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 242–51.

Kumaraswamy, M M, Chan, D W M, Dissanayaka, S M and Yogeswaran, K (1997) Mapping methodologies and mixing methods in construction management research. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 464–73.

• Type: Conference Proceedings
• Keywords: construction management research; methodologies; paradigms
• ISBN/ISSN: 0 86 339 759 X
• URL: http://www.arcom.ac.uk/-docs/proceedings/ar1997-464-473_Kumaraswamy_et_al.pdf
• Abstract:
  The evolution of methodological paradigms, the choice of methodologies and the selection of methods in construction management research has been subjected to increasing self- scrutiny by the research community in recent years. For example, allegations that a dominant 'rationalist' paradigm may have excluded certain insights and advances, have been accompanied by advocacy of the 'interpretive' paradigm to tap into the richness of the supposedly less-accessed qualitative aspects. Case studies of methodology development in three recent research projects in Hong Kong are presented in this paper. These are in the research domains of (i) construction time performance; (ii) procurement-related and other factors influencing construction project outcomes; and (iii) construction claims. It is concluded that appropriate balances between rationalist and interpretive approaches, as well as between quantitative and qualitative methodologies are generally useful in many construction management research projects. The relative importance of the various criteria that should govern such a methodological balance is also examined. For example, the nature of the available data, the objectives and envisaged outputs of the study and the capacities and resources of the researcher(s) themselves need to be assessed and incorporated in the choice of appropriate methodologies and the selection of specific research methods.

Lam, K C, Gibb, A G F and Sher, W D (1997) An analysis of building procurement factors affecting coordination of building services. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 83–92.

Lingard, H, Graham, P and Smithers, G (1997) Waste management in the Australian construction industry: a human factors approach. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 203–12.

Liu, A M M (1997) Developing a research model for project outcome evaluation. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 474–83.

Lowe, J (1997) Labour productivity trends for the UK construction sector. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 674–83.

Machete, S M (1997) Waste management in construction sites of emerging contractors in South Africa. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 193–202.

Mackenzie, J and Loosemore, M (1997) The value of health and safety in construction. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 353–62.

Mak, S and Wong, L (1997) Estimating using risk analysis for construction. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 133–43.

McCabe, S, Crook, D, Rooke, J and Seymour, D (1997) Construction's experiences of attempting to become world class: the role of academics in assisting practitioners. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 285–94.

McNamara, E T (1997) The current perspective of major United Kingdom construction companies on the private finance initiative. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 578–87.

McNamara, E T, Howarth, T A P, Hill, C J and Stoneman, G R W (1997) Mentoring construction graduates: bridging the gap between academia and industry. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 511–20.

Mohlasedi, K M and Nkado, R N (1997) The role of stakeholders in the delivery of affordable housing schemes in South Africa. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 633–42.

Moore, D R (1997) An analysis of experimental data to determine the validity of aspects of tolerance requirement general theory. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 164–72.

Moore, D R (1997) An examination of the experimental design process with regard to tolerance requirement general theory. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 154–63.

Moore, T A and Moore, D R (1997) Project management for the construction industry: an examination of a systems approach. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 295–303.

Muya, M, Price, A D F and Thorpe, A (1997) Construction materials supply logistics. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 144–53.

Oliveira, L, Retik, A and Watson, I (1997) Intelligent training using past experiences in virtual reality: an application for scaffold inspection. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 437–46.

Olubodun, F and Mole, T (1997) The impact of tenants on public housing stock maintenance expenditure in the UK. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 643–53.

Othman, N (1997) Management of variations in construction contracts. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 380–8.

Pearl, R G, Bowen, P A and Nkado, R N (1997) A communication-based examination of construction planning and tendering. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 213–22.

Powell, M (1997) Life-cycling around Cambridge: a quest for a 'professionalism' of building. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 62–71.

Preece, C and Tarawneh, S (1997) Service quality for client satisfaction on design & build projects. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 264–74.

Rwelamila, P D and Machete, S M (1997) Marketing development in civil engineering consultancy firms in South Africa. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 607–22.

Seymour, D, Mahroof, A, Rooke, J and Crook, D (1997) Objectivity in research: negotiating a research and development role in an urban renewal department. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 455–63.

Shirong, L (1997) How are Chinese construction enterprises meeting the challenge of change. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 706–14.

Shirong, L (1997) Understanding the Chinese construction market. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 696–705.

Sobhiyah, M H, Seymour, D E and Perry, J G (1997) The role of project start-up in the organisational development of project management: the case in Iran. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 311–20.

Walker, D H T and Vines, M W (1997) Construction time performance in multi-unit residential construction: insight into the role of procurement methods. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 93–101.

Walker, G, Naoum, S and Howes, R (1997) Determinants of Project Management success. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 304–10.

Wang, Y S and Chau, K W (1997) An evaluation of the efficiency of construction industry in Hong Kong using the DEA approach. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 684–95.

Watson, A and McInnes, S (1997) Small/medium scale construction logistics: a study into the factors affecting planning accuracy. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 223–32.

Wong, F (1997) Implementation of safety policy and safety system for construction companies in Hong Kong: senior management's perspective. In: Stephenson, P (Ed.), Proceedings 13th Annual ARCOM Conference, 15-17 September 1997, Cambridge, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 372–9.